Horse

(Jrt)

Horse
The horse (Equus caballus) is a large domestic hoofed mammal of the family horses.

Domestiqué from antiquity, it is used today in agriculture, transport, leisure riding, sports competitions, and as a food source (hippophagie). Formerly, the horse was used as an animal of war and transport, thus allowing the expansion of trade and the birth of civilizations over large areas. Regarded as "the most noble conquest of man", the horse, all animals, is the one who, according to some authors, without a doubt the most marked the history and progress of mankind.


Perhaps
The term derives from the latin horse caballus and designates a "wrong horse", and then a gelding, popularly "work horse". The etymology is uncertain but a Gallic influence is possible. The key word derived from horse is a knight, chevalière, chivalry, chivalrous, horse, ride, easel, run, cavaler, cavalier, cavalry and cavalcade. The term in the singular is pronounced / S @ val / horses and the plural is pronounced / S @ vo /.

Other terms related to horse scientists are borrowed from the ancient Greek (ἵππος, [híppos], the Indo-European root * ékwos), hence the adjective or the term horse racetrack. The Greek root is also found in Philippe (who loves horses "), Hippolyte (" who unties horses'), hippocampus ( "horse cambré"), hippopotamus ( "horse River"). A horse meat is also known as butcher hippophagique. The latin equus is also derived from this root Indo-European and is the origin of terms such as horses, horseback riding and adjectives and equine. The order was riding a social class of ancient Rome descendant of fighters on horseback (the richest) of the first centuries of Rome.


History evolutionary
The recent history of horses is poorly known. We do not know particularly when taken place between the speciation donkeys, wild horses (Equus ferrus), zebras and the domestic horse (Equus caballus). We do not know if the case results domestique horse of a selection made by man or whether it is the result of natural selection. The species seems to exist as such only a few thousand years, which calls for the first hypothesis.

Breeds
The equine roots are numerous and varied. This great diversity originates from the selection and crosses made by man on the horse home, but also the great adaptability of the Equine face to its environment.

Unlike other animals for which training and / or experience gives an advantage to survival (as humans), the strengths of the horse depend mainly on its capital genetic morphological. So the man has long practised a selective breeding in this direction, though before knowing the laws of heredity. It seems that the first men who made lists of ancestors are Arabs. Today, genealogical data are entered on Herd books. This information is taken over by large specialized databases as Genequs which in 2007 had more than 210,000 horses and all races combined, which dates back to the earliest inscriptions in 1764. The CRF is the database of the Ministry of Agriculture and french national Haras.

The current trend is the decline of diversity. Human activities related to the use of horses is reduced to sport and tourism, all races are not specialized in these types of activities are threatened. This is particularly true of all breeds of draught horses.

Morphology
The horse is an animal quadruped. Its members are called locomotor members and non legs. By convention, the horse is composed of three main external parties:

* Avant-hand that includes the head, neck and members thereof;
* Rear-hand composed of the rump, hips, hind limbs and tail;
* The body which is the central part.

The horse wears a mane and a tail whose hair is called hair. The horse has 469 muscles that account for about half its weight.

Read Also Thoroughbred Arabic

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